When the Parasympathetic Nervous System is activated, which of the following occurs?

When the Parasympathetic Nervous System is activated, the primary response is to promote a state of rest and digestion within the body. This system is often referred to as the "rest and digest" system, which highlights its role in facilitating processes that occur when the body is not under stress.

The correct response emphasizes that heart rate decreases and digestion can begin. Specifically, when the Parasympathetic Nervous System is engaged, the heart rate slows down, allowing the body to conserve energy and redirect resources towards functions essential for maintaining homeostasis. In contrast, digestive processes are stimulated, enhancing nutrient absorption and facilitating metabolic functions important for recovery and nourishment.

This activation contrasts sharply with the behaviors associated with the Sympathetic Nervous System, which prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and elevating alertness, among other effects.