Which of the following actions is characterized by a refusal to move upon direction?

Passive resistance is characterized by a refusal to move or comply with directions given by an authority figure, whether it's a law enforcement officer, security personnel, or another individual. This type of behavior often manifests as someone deliberately choosing not to cooperate, resulting in a non-violent form of resistance.

In scenarios involving passive resistance, the subject may physically inhibit movement, such as by standing still or sitting down, while not engaging in physically aggressive behavior. This can create challenges for officers or individuals trying to manage the situation because it complicates efforts to control or escort the individual while keeping the interaction safe and non-escalatory. Understanding this form of resistance is essential in the context of PPCT, as it helps instructors teach proper techniques to address individuals who may refuse to comply without resorting to aggression.